In the early 1920s, BASF successfully produced methanol from syngas during the ammonia synthesis process using the ZnO-Cr 2O 3 catalyst at a temperature of 320–450 ☌ and a pressure of 250–350 bar. Moreover, 85% of methanol is used in the chemical industry as a solvent or as a reagent for the synthesis of formaldehyde and acetic acid, which are valuable products in industrial terms. As an energy source, methanol presents the advantage of being liquid at environmental temperature, which makes it easier to transport and store. Several chemical products can be obtained from carbon dioxide hydrogenation, among which methanol stands out for two main reasons: its use as a renewable energy source and its utility as a feedstock for obtaining other chemical products. Specifically, this project focuses on the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, since it is considered as the most commonly used and simplest process. There currently exist several technologies that achieve the conversion of carbon dioxide into other value-added products, such as carbon dioxide hydrogenation, electrochemical reduction, photochemical reduction, and photoelectrochemical reduction. To tackle this issue, two strategies have been proposed: carbon capture and storage (CCS), whose main drawback is economical justifiability, since it is a non-profitable option, and carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), which intends to transform waste carbon dioxide into useful products, such as chemical feedstocks and renewable fuels. During 2018, 33 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere resulted in an increase in its concentration from 280 to 410 ppm. The alarming increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration caused by anthropogenic emissions has become a serious threat to the planet, causing global warming. Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane are the most important representatives.
The obtained results indicate that the use of bimetallic systems combined with porous supports, such as zeolite and activated carbon, is beneficial, thus improving the performance of unsupported materials by four times.Ĭlimate change stands as one of the greatest issues and challenges that humanity faces, and emissions of greenhouse gases produced by the use of fossil fuels for energy production are identified as the main cause of global warming. For that, a packed bed reactor operating with a continuous gas flow is used.
In this work, the performance of copper, zinc, and zinc oxide nanoparticles in supported and unsupported bimetallic systems is evaluated in order to establish a comparison among the different materials according to their efficiency. The development of improved materials for this conversion reaction and a deeper study of the existing ones are important for obtaining higher efficiencies in terms of yield, conversion, and methanol selectivity, in addition to allowing milder reaction conditions in terms of pressure and temperature. The aim of this alternative is to produce a value-added chemical, such as methanol, which is a cheaply available feedstock. Several alternatives exist to solve this problem, and one of them is the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into methanol by using nanomaterials as catalysts. Nowadays, there is a growing awareness of the great environmental impact caused by the enormous amounts of carbon dioxide emitted.
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